Dentist Hygiene Supplies Dental Infection Control

!±8± Dentist Hygiene Supplies Dental Infection Control

PERILS OF DENTIST PRACTICE INFECTIONS

INTRODUCTION
There are about 10,000 Dental practices in the UK with the General Dental Council (GDC) having about 156,000 registered Dentists. According to NHS Dental Statistics, 36 million courses of dental treatments were carried out in 2007-2008. There are hundreds of harmful micro-organisms that are passed through blood or saliva, both of which are present in dentistry. The use of headpieces, water and ultrasonic instruments, blood and saliva are transmitted easily. Most dental procedures will involve contact of the dentists and dental nurse with patient blood and saliva. As a result of this, the cleanliness and hygiene quality in a dental practice, has to be maintained to certain standards as directed by the NHS.

FUNGI AND VIRUSES INFECTIONS
Proper infection control ensures patient, doctor and staff safety. The infections relevant to dental practices include the following:

FUNGI
Candida albicans -involved in oral thrush and denture stomatitis.

VIRUSES
Hepaitis A, B, C -blood borne infection that lead to liver diseases.
Herpes Simplex type 1- involved in cold sores
Human Immunodeficiency Virus- blood /saliva borne infection can lead to AIDS

BACTERIA INFECTIONS
1. Streptococcus mutans-involved in dental carries found on surfaces
2. Staphylococci- causes gingival and skin boils found on surfaces
3. Porphyromonas gingivalis- causes periodontal disease found on surfaces
4. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis- airborne infection
5. Legionella pneumophilia- airborne droplet infection found in air vents

OTHER DENTAL PRACTICE INFECTIONS:

PROTOZOAL
Amoebiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, Cylocsporiasis, Giardiasis- water borne gastrointestinal infections

PARASITIC INFECTIONS
Schistosoiasis, Ascariasis, Entrobiais - also water borne skin and gastrointestinal infections.

PRIONS
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - water bound air particle causing brain disease.

MERCURY POISONING...
The silver filling in the tooth also known as the Dental Amalgam are used widely by dentists and consists of 50% Mercury, 35%Silver and 15% Tin and other metals. These are highly toxic and dangerous to both the patient as well as dentist. The aerosol spray can spread in the air and accumulate in the air way passage while drilling or scraping procedures.
(Click here to read more about dental poisoning)

WHAT ARE THE RISKS?
The people that are prone to infection will be Dentist, Staff and Patients. Patients or relatives of patients waiting in the reception are also prone to catch the infection if the air or the surfaces are not clean. Air vents are major source of infection that can transmit infections any where in the Dental clinics. Surfaces also contribute to spread of infection. So, in general people once in the Dental Surgery are at risk of contamination if the surgery does not meet standards of hygiene.

WHAT IS THE COST OF INACTION?
Majority of the Dental practices are private. Patients are well aware of the different types of infections and are very cautious about going to a Dental practice that does not maintain certain standards of cleanliness. Steam sanitisation and air purification gives confidence to patients and Dental teams that cross infection will not be an issue.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF ACTION?
Dental practices are all about how well the practices market their services. There are more than 10,000 Dental practices across the UK. Competition is fierce and patients are aware of hygiene. Steam Sanitizers and Air Purifiers are used in health care settings and they ensure that cross infection is reduced to minimal levels.

Dentist Hygiene Supplies Dental Infection Control

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Dental Implants - What You Should Ask Your Dental Implant Surgeon

!±8± Dental Implants - What You Should Ask Your Dental Implant Surgeon

This article is designed to assist patients to help understand if the surgeon they have selected to perform their dental implant procedure is truly qualified to perform the surgery. Often times patients go to their dentist for a missing or failing tooth and inquire about their options for replacing the tooth or teeth. The modern procedure is the placement of a dental implant. How does a patient know if their dentist is qualified?

Many times patients are referred to a specialist that is either an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or a periodontist. However, many times the general dentist offers to perform the surgery and the patient accepts the treatment. Patients often have a misconception that if a procedure is offered, that the doctor who offered the procedure is knowledgeable, competent and has experience with the procedure offered. Unfortunately, many times the surgeon who offers the procedure has little to no training and little to no experience. Many times general dentists and specialists who never received formal training in a particular procedure, will attend weekend courses designed to train the beginner to perform a particular procedure. By comparison, the specialist who was trained in the same procedure often had years of practical didactic training along with guided clinical and surgical training that took years to complete.

Not until very recently have most dental schools provided training for the general dentist in implant surgery. As such, many of the general dentist placing implants have had very little training. Most have accumulated their training from weekend courses or home study modules. The patient must ask their provider what training they had in school as well as what their dentist has had for post-graduate training.

Patients should be asking their dentist and their specialists they were referred to if they have received board certification. Board certification requires an extensive examination of the case experience of the doctor, followed by an extensive written examination followed by an intensive oral examination. With respect to dental implants, the American Board of Periodontology and the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery are the only bodies who extensively test their candidates in the surgical field of dental implants. Both of these boards require the doctor to be re-examined every 10 years to make sure they are staying current. Patients should ask if their specialist is board certified.

Patients should be asking their dentist or specialist how many cases they have been involved with and their successes and their failures. Patient should also inquire if they are patient testimonials available and if they could speak to one or more previous patients that underwent the a similar procedure. Patients should also inquire if their dentist is familiar with implant planning using conebeam computed tomography and uses implant simulation software. Moderate to difficult cases normally have superior outcomes and have far less "surprises" when these methods of imaging and planning are used. Patients are often told the dentist is a member of several societies. A patient must ask what is the requirements for entry into a particular professional society ? For the most health care societies, you only have to be licensed and pay an annual fee to belong. As such, societal membership can often mislead the patient into a false sense of security.

One of the major concerns with implant surgery, is the doctor who performs the surgery qualified enough to handle the minor and major complications associated with the procedure? One of the things patients should be asking when reviewing the possible complications with their prospective surgeon, is who will be handling the complications should they arise ? If the dentist who is placing the implants is going to refer you out if one or more of the complications should arise, you should think about seeing another implant surgeon. Additionally, one of the best ways to evaluate if your surgeon is qualified, is to inquire about their hospital privileges. Should you have a serious complication or you are medically compromised, does your surgeon have the ability to perform that procedure in a hospital setting ? Most surgeons who have privileges at a hospital had to undergo scrutiny to get those rights to perform a particular procedure. They had to provide documentation of experience and training, meet the criteria their department put in place, and typically be observed in at least one case to ensure competency. Therefore, inquiring about their hospital affiliations and privileges can be a good tool for a patient to evaluate their surgeon's abilities.

Many general dentists have gone through extensive post-graduate mini-residencies and hours of post-graduate training. It takes many hours of experience to become competent in implant surgery. It takes a tremendous amount of experience to begin to properly work-up a case for implant placement. Often times, the placement of the implant is the easy part. Preparing the bone and soft tissue to support the implant is often the difficult part along with planning the restorative portion of the treatment plan. It would be very difficult to become proficient at implant planning, surgery, and complication management from a couple of weekend courses. Most of the time, there is a symbiotic relationship between the the restorative doctor and the doctor placing the implant(s). There has to be an open line of communication between the surgeon and the restorative doctor to ensure an acceptable outcome and communicate reasonable expectations to the patient. Ultimately, it is unfortunately left up to the patient to inquire about the experience and training of their prospective implant surgeon. After inquiring about their prospective surgeon's training and experience, it is up to the patient to either seek another opinion, ask for a referral to a specialist, or stay with that particular surgeon. Chances are, if you feel comfortable with that person, you are probably fine. However, if you are feeling apprehensive after your discussion with your doctor, it can't hurt to get a second opinion. Since you are likely going to have this implant and the service it gives you for a long time, it is prudent to take your time in choosing your options and your surgeon.

Dental Implants - What You Should Ask Your Dental Implant Surgeon

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